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Figure 3 Patient case. From top to bottom are shown heart rate (HR) curve and blood pressure (BP) curves (systolic and diastolic). The arrows indicate the passage from supine to standing and vice versa. (Left panel) Inactive sham treatment. There is an absence of adaptation of blood pressure to the upright position. Blood pressure declines slightly and progressively throughout the test. Systolic blood pressure declines below 80 mm Hg. Heart rate remains stable at about 50 beats/min (chronotropic incompetence pattern). (Right panel) Active treatment. Treatment increases blood pressure during the test. Heart rate remains stable at about 50 beats/min (chronotropic incompetence pattern).