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Figure 3 Summary of all trials in which at least 1 subject experienced contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) defined as a rise in Cr 0.50 mg/dl (10 of 16). The chi-square test for heterogeneity was not significant (p = 0.25), indicating homogenous incidence rates for CIN among these trials. According to this result, the fixed effects model was chosen to test the overall effect. The test for the overall effect showed a significant difference in favor of the group receiving IOCM, with the odds ratio (OR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23 to 0.66, p = 0.0004 (19,20,25,26,30,32–36). Heterogeneity test for trials in which at least 1 patient experienced CIN (10 of 16), and test for the overall effect with trials weighted according to the Mantel-Haenszel method, with the Review Manager 4.2.7. n = number of patients who experienced CIN defined as Cr increase 0.50 mg/dl; N = number of patients with Cr measurements; PTCA = percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (trial [25]); other abbreviations as in Figure 1.