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Figure 4 Outcomes in the APAF (Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation) trial. (A) By Kaplan-Meier analysis, 86% of patients randomized to circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) needed only a single procedure and were atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT)-free at the end of follow-up as compared with the 22% of patients randomized to antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) (p < 0.001) who did not require a second ADT and were AT-free at the end of follow-up; time 0 started at the end of the 6-week blanking period for both groups. (B and C) Monthly rhythm analysis in the NavX versus CARTO subgroups (95% and 87% at 1 year, respectively, p = 0.08) and in the 8-mm versus irrigated tip catheter groups (95% and 78% at 1 year, respectively, p = 0.03). (D) By monthly rhythm analysis that also took into account the outcome of the second procedure and for patients controlled with combined therapy in ADT group, 93% of CPVA patients were free from ATs as compared with the 35% in the ADT group. SR = sinus rhythm.