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Figure 5 The left ventricular (LV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to exogenously administered norepinephrine (0.4 µg/kg/min) before (dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM]) and after 3 days of treatment with carvedilol (DCM+C) or metoprolol controlled release/extended release (DCM+M). The indicated p values represent the differences in the carvedilol responses and metoprolol responses by analysis of variance. LV dP/dt = maximal rate of left ventricular systolic pressure development; LVEDP = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVP = left ventricular pressure.