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Figure 11 (A) Increased penetration with index matching. In this figure, the difference in penetration after addition of compounds or control is seen. The saline control had no significant effect (7 ± 3%). Dextran resulted in a 69 ± 12% increase in penetration. Intravenous (IV) contrast resulted in a 45 ± 4% increase. Both were significantly different than the control. (B) Influence of compounds on hematocrit and red cell counts. There was no significant difference between the effects of dextran and saline on either hematocrit and red cell count. Therefore, the improved penetration was not due to either a change in cell size or number. There was a slight but significant difference in red cell size after IV contrast compared with saline control. This might have contributed slightly to the effect. Reprinted, with permission, from Circulation 2001;103:2000–4.