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Figure 5 Overall survival from initial operation in 185 children with pulmonary atresia associated with ventricular septal defect. There were 47 deaths after initial operation. The hazard function for death after initial operation was characterized by a steep early phase accounting for 14 events, followed by a more gradual later phase accounting for 33 events. Solid lines represent parametric point estimates enclosed by 70% confidence limits; circles with error bars represent nonparametric estimates, and numbers at bottom represent the number of patients followed up at that point.