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Figure 3 Combined effect of diastolic blood pressure and smoking status on circumferential strain (Ecc) in left anterior descending (LAD) region. The relationships between strain, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and smoking shown here reflect unadjusted values. Note that the effect of reduced Ecc in the presence of increased DBP is more pronounced in heavy smoking (20 pack-years). Mean + standard error (SE) are shown.