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Figure 4 Increased aortic valve leaflet (arrows) thickness in wild-type mouse fed a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HF/HC) diet (middle) compared with normal diet (top). Leaflets in HF/HC animals show positive labeling for macrophages (CD68-positive cells) and foam cells (arrows). Inset (middle section) shows a magnified view of the diseased leaflet. Bottom panel shows calcium deposits (arrow) in an aortic valve leaflet of an HF/HC diet-fed wild-type mouse by von Kossa’s stain.