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Figure 5 Effect of HO-1 gene transfer on myocardial apoptosis after repeated I/R. Representative micrograph demonstrating apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining in heart sections after five days of repeated I/R. There were significantly fewer numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in HO-1–treated animals in contrast to lacZ-treated controls (0.31 ± 0.045 vs. 0.59 ± 0.035, p < 0.005, n = 5 to 6/group). Apoptotic index was determined as described in Methods. Other abbreviations as in Figure 1.