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Figure 4 Bar graphs showing pregnancy-associated protein-A (PAPP-A) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in carotid plaques collected by surgical carotid endarterectomy from symptomatic patients relative to plaque from an asymptomatic patient. All samples had detectable PAPP-A mRNA from one- to four-fold greater than control. All data represent means of three samples from at least three separately performed experiments. Data are presented as means ± SD. S = stroke; T = transient ischemic attack.