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Figure 3 Injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) inhibits left ventricular (LV) remodeling and improves LV function. Masson trichrome staining showed infarct wall was significantly thicker in MSC_HO-1 group in compared with other control groups (A and C). The percent of fibrotic area in total LV area was significantly reduced in MSC_HO-1 group compared with other control groups (B and D). Left ventricular systolic performance and diastolic performance, as assessed by maximum dP/dt and minimum dP/dt, were best in the MSC_HO-1 group, indicating that survival MSC_HO-1 contribute to preserve systolic and diastolic functions of infarct heart. Moreover, the MSC_LacZ and MSCs demonstrated less LV remodeling and better hemodynamic function in comparison with the medium group (E and F).