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Figure 2 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enzymes inhibit induction of endogenous plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein, and demonstrate serum resistance. (a) Results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrating that transfection of rat endothelial cells (ECs) with E2 results in significant inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta-induced expression of PAI-1 mRNA, relative to E0 (p < 0.01, n = 4). (b) Results of Western blot using PAI-1 specific antisera, demonstrating that transfection of rat ECs with E2 results in significant inhibition of TGF-beta induced expression of PAI-1 protein, relative to the E0 (p < 0.01, n = 3). (c) ³²P-labeled PAI-1 DNA enzyme with inverted thymidine at the 3' end demonstrates resistance to degradation in medium with 2%, but not 20%, serum (representative of two separate experiments).