Click on image to view larger version.

Figure 4 (A) Comparison of P-wave duration between baseline and the three pacing sites. P-wave duration is the shortest during bi-atrial (BiA) pacing. (B) Comparison of cardiac output (CO) between the three pacing sites at both pacing rates. The BiA pacing significantly produced the most increased CO. (C) Comparison of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) between the three pacing sites at both pacing rates. BiA pacing resulted in the most significant improvement. (D) Comparison of systolic blood pressure (SBP) between the three pacing sites at both pacing rates. BiA pacing significantly produced the most increased SBP. Solid line indicates data at 80 beats/min. Dotted line indicates data at 100 beats/min. Other abbreviations as in Figure 2.