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Figure 2 Before channel abrasion, there is a consistent time interval between local activation times (LATs) in the upper and lower field of the culture (all points are on a straight line) and the culture is considered to be activated synchronously with a similar excitation spread in consecutive excitation waves (A). After abrasion, the two cardiomyocyte fields beat independently (correlation between LATs on either side of the channel is lost) (B). Twenty-four hours after human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) application, the correlation between LATs is restored, indicating resynchronization. Because of the conduction delay within the channel, the lower field is now activated with an 80-ms delay (C).