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Figure 6 Phrenic nerve injury as seen on gross inspection. (A) Right phrenic nerve course is visible after deflecting the right lung rightward. A lesion at the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) ostium is visible, extending to adjacent structures and encompassing the right phrenic nerve. (B) Fluoroscopic image illustrating the relative proximity of the right phrenic nerve course to the inflated balloon engaged at the RSPV antrum. Arrows at the anterolateral wall of the superior vena cava (SVC) depict the site where successful phrenic nerve capture was obtained. The plausible course of the right phrenic nerve is marked with arrowheads. CS = coronary sinus; IVC = inferior vena cava; RA = right atrium; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.