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Figure 1 A diagram of experimental groups. Echocardiography (not shown in the figure) was performed before, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. In the normal chow diet (NCD)- and high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-coronary stenosis (CS) groups with tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation, echocardiography was performed before and four weeks after CS. *Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO₂) study not done; **among total n = 13, n = 6 for NCD- or HCD-sham without ischemic preconditioning (IPC) (Fig. 6) and n = 7 for NCD- and HCD-sham with IPC. CFR = coronary flow reserve; ECG = electrocardiogram; ED1 = the antibodies against monocytes; MCP1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MI = myocardial infarction; PKC = protein kinase C.