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Figure 3 Same experiment as shown in Figure 2. (A) When 3.2 V was applied to the autonomic ganglia only four atrial premature depolarizations (APDs) were required to induce atrial fibrillation. (B) At an applied voltage of 7.0 V, atrial fibrillation was induced by only one APD at the same coupling (S₁-S₂ = 120 ms).