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Figure 7 Inhibition of SH2-domain containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) enhances Rac1 activation mediated by phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K). (Top) Pull-down assays of Rac1 human umbilical vein endothelial cell revealed increased amounts of active Rac1 (bound to GST-PAK) after sodium stibogluconate (SS) or antisense oligodesoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) against SHP-1; SS-induced Rac1-activation was inhibited by wortmannin (not shown). (Bottom) The ratio between blot densities of GTP-bound Rac1 to total Rac1 revealed significant induction of Rac1 activity by SHP-1 AS-ODN and by SS (means of three experiments).