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Figure 1 Algorithm showing breakdown of the 1,272 patients having valve replacement or repair at Baylor University Medical Center (BUMC) in a 65-month period and the origin of the 324 cases included in the present study. AIE = active infective endocarditis; AR = aortic regurgitation; AS = aortic stenosis; AVA = aortic valve area; AVR = aortic valve replacement; MV = mitral valve; MVR = mitral valve replacement; PSG = peak systolic gradient; TVR = tricuspid valve replacement.