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Figure 3 (A1 and A2) Activation maps illustrating a case of single-loop re-entry around a previously ablated area at the septal aspect of the right pulmonary veins (Patient #9) in right anterior oblique (RAO) and postero-anterior (PA) views. A line of block with double potentials (blue tags) and an electrically silent area (gray surface) can be seen at the superior segment of the septal line in A1. The circuit uses two gaps closely positioned at the superior and middle segments of the line. Single, fragmented bipolar electrograms can be seen at these sites. (B1 and B2) Voltage map in the same views showing recovery of the maximum bipolar voltage in the ablated areas. A wide area of high voltage (violet) can be seen over the septum in B1. (C1 to C5 and D1 to D5) Propagation map in RAO and PA showing the spread of activation. LAA = left anterior atrium; LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; MV = mitral valve; PA = postero-anterior; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein.