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Figure 1 (A) Schematic drawing of the left atrium, including the pulmonary veins (PV), the mitral annulus (MA), and the radiofrequency energy-induced lesion lines. A circumferential lesion was placed around the left and right PVs >5 mm from the orifices. In addition, two linear lesions were placed, one connecting the circular lesions and one connecting the left circular lesion with the MA (so-called left atrial isthmus). (B) Posteroanterior view of an electroanatomic reconstruction of the left atrium, including the PV. Dark red dots represent ablation lines as described above. LAA = left atrial appendage; LLPV = left lower PV; LUPV = left upper PV; RLPV = right lower PV; RMPV = right middle PV; RUPV = right upper PV.