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Figure 3 Assessment of forward-mode sodium-calcium exchanger transport capacity in isolated cardiac myocytes from failing hearts with and without previous left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. (A) Schematic illustration of the voltage-ramp (67 mV/s) protocol employed to increase cytosolic-free calcium (see "Methods"). (B) The Ni⁺-sensitive inward current (I_NCX) is plotted as a function of [Ca²⁺]_i after membrane repolarization. (C) Average data are depicted from failing myocytes with and without previous LVAD support (n = 31, n = 10). HF= failing; HF-LVAD = LVAD support. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.