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Figure 2 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin levels in patients without angiographically visible collaterals (Rentrop grade 0) versus those with robust angiographically visible colaterals (Rentrop grade 3). Although VEGF is not different between these populations, endostatin is reduced by 40%, with strong significance, in the patient group that has manifested the growth of prominent collaterals.