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Figure 1 Schematic of acute total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocol (left panel) and short-term partial sleep deprivation (PSD) protocol (right panel). Bars represent 24-h periods from 9:00 pm to 9:00 pm for TSD and 5:00 pm to 5:00 pm PSD. Solid bars = sleep periods for the acute TSD subjects (left panel) and for the PSD subjects (right panel). Hatched bars = sleep periods for the 8.2-h control group in the PSD experiment (right panel). bl = baseline; r = recovery; # = frequent blood sampling days.