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Figure 3 Correlation between transthoracic echocardiography and cardiopulmonary testing variables after transcatheter atrial septal defect closure. A significant association exists between postprocedural changes in peak oxygen uptake (VO₂) and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (a) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (b). A similar significant correlation was found between LVEF (c) and LVEDD (d) changes and peak oxygen (O₂) pulse variations from baseline.