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Figure 2 Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) pre/post exercise/sedentary periods quantified as bursts/min (A) and bursts/100 heart beats (B). Post-exercise training MSNA levels compared with pre-training MSNA levels in heart failure (HF) patients are uniformly and markedly reduced and are no longer higher than normal controls; MSNA remained unchanged in the HF sedentary group and the normal control exercise group.