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Figure 1 Isolation of the left superior pulmonary vein (PV). A decapolar ring catheter (PV_1-2 to PV_10-1) is positioned at the ostium of the left superior PV. Recordings of the surface electrocardiographic leads I, aVL, and V₁ and the cryoablation catheter (Cryo_Dis) are shown during distal coronary sinus (CS_Dis) pacing. After initial cryoablation applications at the earliest activation sites (*) of the PV potential at electrodes 9-10 (Baseline), the PV activation sequence changes and the local endocardial activation time at electrodes 9-10 increases from 60 to 130 ms (Cryo_9-10). Further cryoablation applications at the earliest activation sites (*) of the PV potential at electrodes 3-4 resulted in complete electrical isolation without any PV potential (Cryo_3-4).