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Figure 4 Influence of mitral valve disease (MVD) on angiotensin II receptor expression. (A) Expression of AT₁ and AT₂ and ratio AT₁/AT₂ in left atrial tissue of patients with MVD (sinus rhythm [SR] and atrial fibrillation [AF], left columns) and without MVD (SR and AF, right columns). (B) AT₁ and (C) AT₂ expression and ratio of AT₁/AT₂ (D) in left atrial tissue of patients in SR, lone AF, and AF with underlying MVD. GAPDH = glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.