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Figure 2 Time course of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and angiotensin II (ANG II) concentrations after surgery. Plasma ANG II concentrations showed no difference between the two groups at any time point (lower panel), whereas plasma TNF-alpha concentrations were significantly increased at 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery, compared with the sham group (upper panel). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs. sham group.