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Figure 1 Individual and summary data of all subjects showing C-reactive protein (CRP) levels before and after oral estrogen (left panel), placebo (middle panel), and transdermal estrogen (right panel). Transdermal estrogen had no effect on CRP. Oral estrogen administration for eight weeks evoked a more than twofold increase in CRP (*p < 0.01 vs. baseline, placebo, and transdermal estrogen).