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Figure 3 The unique pathobiology of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) state and its effects on the cardiovascular system. Ca = calcium; HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a) = lipoprotein (a); LPL = lipoprotein lipase; LV = left ventricle; PO4 = phosphorus; PTH = parathyroid hormone; RAS = renin angiotensin system; SNS = sympathetic nervous system; TG = triglycerides.