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Figure 7 (A) Levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) measured by Western blotting in the right ventricular myocardium of infants with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (solid bar; n = 5) or ventricular septal defect (VSD) (open bar; n = 5). Results of phospho-p38 MAPK are normalized for the bands of beta-actin and are expressed as the mean value ± SEM. *p < 0.05 between groups. (B) Exemplary gel obtained after Western blotting representative of five experiments in each group, showing higher phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the right ventricular myocardium of patients with TOF than of those with VSD. The upper panel includes the positive control (PC; human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysacchardide). M = marker.