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Figure 3 Representative immunofluorescence micrographs of human heart sections labeled for the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3-phosphate (reduced form) oxidase subunit p47^phox. (A) Dual labeling for p47^phox and alpha-actinin in nonfailing (a–c) and end-stage failing tissue (b–f). Panels a and d show labeling for p47^phox; panels b and e show labeling for alpha-actinin; panels c and f show superimposed images. p47^phox was detected in cardiac myocytes in both failing and nonfailing myocardium, with increased sarcolemmal labeling in the failing group (d and f vs. a and c). All scale bars = 20 µm. (B) Dual labeling for p47^phox and vinculin, as a sarcolemmal marker, in nonfailing (a–c) and end-stage failing tissue (b–f). Panels a and d show labeling for p47^phox; panels b and e show labeling for vinculin. Superposition of the p47^phox and vinculin images (panels c and f) demonstrates the sarcolemmal localization of p47^phox in the end-stage heart tissue (panel f, yellow color). All scale bars = 20 µm.