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Figure 2 Influence of disease prevalence on predictive accuracy of a typical diagnostic strategy. When used in a population with low disease prevalence, such as an asymptomatic population undergoing cardiovascular screening, even a test with excellent sensitivity (Sens) and specificity (Spec) will yield a poor positive predictive accuracy owing to a larger number of false-positive (FP) than true-positive (TP) results. CAD = coronary artery disease. Reprinted with permission from Gheorghiade and Bonow (43).