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Figure 1 Fluoroscopic image of experimental setup for electrophysiology studies. Infusion catheter (A) in the pericardial space conforms to the contour of the heart. Angioplasty balloon (B) completely occludes the left anterior descending coronary artery as demonstrated by dye injection into the left main coronary artery. Intracoronary guidewire (C) monitors the intracoronary electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrocatheter (D) positioned in the left ventricular (LV) ischemic zone records the LV ECG. Pacing catheter (E) is in the right atrium, positioned via the right internal jugular vein; 8F multipurpose guide catheter (F) in the right atrial appendage is used for introducing the pericardial infusion catheter.