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Figure 1 Patient no. 1. (A) Posterolateral target vein before initial lead implantation. (B) In the same vessel, intraluminal adhesions and stenoses secondary to the lead falsely suggest an extraluminal course of the lead. (C) After lead extraction. (D) Balloon angioplasty of narrowed segment. (E) Intraluminal adhesions continue to be visible, even after balloon dilation of the central stenosis.