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Figure 2 Monophasic action potentials recorded at the high lateral wall of the atrium by S₁S₂ in each group (patients with chronic atrial fibrillation [CAF] in the left panel; patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation [PAF] in the middle panel; and control subjects in the right panel). In the patients with CAF and PAF, as the diastolic interval progressively decreased to 0 ms, the changes in action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD₉₀) were 110 and 100 ms, respectively. In the control subjects, the change in APD₉₀ was 55 ms as the diastolic interval decreased from 147 to 0 ms.