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Figure 3 Analysis of left ventricular protein expression of procaspase-8, activated caspase-8, flice-like inhibitory protein (FLIP)_S and FLIP_L in the failing human myocardium, as compared with donor organs. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of FLIP_S and FLIP_L is significantly downregulated in the failing myocardium (a). For activated caspase-8, there was an increase of 62% in the failing myocardium, as compared with donor hearts (b), whereas procaspase-8 was not different between the two groups. The FLIP_S protein decreased significantly in the failing myocardium (b). (*)p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.