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Figure 5 Acute changes in pulmonary vein with radiofrequency ablation. A reduction in luminal area can be seen immediately after radiofrequency ablation. There is increased echogenicity in the vessel wall along with thickening. (A) Pre-ablation of a right superior pulmonary vein. (B) Immediately after ablation. RPA = right pulmonary artery; SVC = superior vena cava.