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Figure 1 Schematic view of the ablation pattern (dotted black lines) in the left atrium; surgical access was through the Waterstone Grove. The encircling ablation lesions around each pulmonary vein’s ostium and the interconnecting lines, as well as additional lines to the mitral valve (MV) annulus and the excision of the left auricle (LA), are shown. LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; RIVP = right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein.