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Figure 4 Percent changes in +dP/dt (A) and pulse pressure (PP) (B), plotted against the baseline LVESV values, as determined by echocardiography. There was no correlation between early hemodynamic improvement in PP or +dP/dt and baseline LV volume. Moreover, long-term volume nonresponders (open circles) were found among high and low early hemodynamic responders (solid diamonds), both for PP and +dP/dt. Three volume nonresponders were among those patients with the highest early hemodynamic response.