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Figure 1 Serial changes in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and fractional shortening in animals with congestive heart failure (CHF) and sham-operated animals. The changes in sham-operated animals treated with antioxidant vitamins were the same as in placebo-treated sham animals. Bars = SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. the sham animals; p < 0.05 vs. the CHF + placebo group; p < 0.05 vs. the CHF + vitamins group. The number of animals in each group is shown in Table 1.