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Figure 8 Model of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced extracelluarl signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in cardiomyocytes. Treatment with 4-AP results in augmentation of L-type calcium (Ca²⁺) current and calcium transient ([Ca²⁺]_i), leading to the activation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and EGFR. Transactivation of EGFR predominantly contributes to ERK activation. EGTA = ethyleneglycoltetraaceticacid.