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Figure 5 Percentage of patients with congestive heart failure (HF) who had documentation of a measurement of left ventricular function (LVF), and the percentage use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in HF patients, relative to whether cardiologists or family physicians were responsible for their care. Note that cardiologists assessed LVF and used ACE inhibitors more than noncardiologists in HF patients with depressed LVF.

Prepared, with acknowledgment of the authors, from data contained in Edep ME, Shah NB, Tateo IM, Massie BM. Differences between primary care physicians and cardiologists in management of congestive heart failure: relation to practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:518–26 (25).