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Figure 1 (A) Parasternal long axis in a patient with tunnel narrowing of the LVOT, indicating the sites of measurement. (B) Parasternal long-axis view of AVSD and fibromuscular subaortic stenosis. (C) Parasternal long-axis view of AVSD and subaortic obstruction due to fixed chordae that are attached to the LVOT. AO = aorta; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; RCC = right coronary cusp; RV = right ventricle; SM = subaortic membrane.