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Figure 2 Fluoroscopic images of catheter positions for linear lesion creation. These fluoroscopic panels presented in the posteroanterior position of the C arm, showing the loop catheter deployed in the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) in the positions where linear lesions were created. Standard high-RA and coronary sinus (CS) catheters and a transesophageal echocardiography probe are visible in some of the panels. (Position 1) Lesion encircling the pulmonary veins (PVs). The posterior portion of the circle is close to the mitral valve (MV) ring, as shown by the proximity of the loop to the CS catheter. The anterior segment is located under the left and right superior PVs. (Position 2) Left atrial circular lesion extending from the medial portion of the MV ring to the lateral wall of the LA. (Position 3) Left atrial circular lesion connecting the lateral portion of the MV ring and the superior portion of the atrial septum. (Position 4) Right atrial circular lesion from the inferior vena cava (IVC) across the isthmus, to the anterior septal region of the tricuspid valve ring, to the RA appendage (RAA), to the superior vena cava (SVC) and back to the IVC. LAA = LA appendage.