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Figure 3 Immunofluorescence for collagen, fibronectin, ACE and TGF-beta1. Row I (top) = immunofluorescence for collagen I (green, nuclei are red). (A) Normal myocardium with fine septa surrounding the myocytes and capillaries. (B) In hypertrophied myocardium, the amount of collagen I between the myocytes is increased. Row II = immunofluorescence for TGF-beta1 (green, myocytes are red by phalloidin). (A) In normal myocardium, only a few cells in the interstitium are positive for TGF-beta1. (B) In hypertrophied myocardium, numerous structures contain TGF-beta1 as fine granules. Row III = immunofluorescence for fibronectin (green, nuclei are red). (A) Normal myocardium shows fine layers of fibronectin between the myocytes, corresponding to labeling for collagen I. (B) In hypertrophied myocardium, the amount of fibronectin is greatly increased. In three-dimensional reconstruction in the confocal microscope, the myocytes are blue. Row IV (bottom) = immunofluorescence for ACE (green, nuclei are red). (A) Only a few small capillaries are positive for ACE in normal myocardium. (B) In hypertrophied myocardium, labeling for ACE is more prominent.