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Figure 2 Expression of ACE, hHC, TGF-beta1, collagen I and III and fibronectin mRNA in patients with AS and normal or impaired LVEF. The bar graph shows ACE/GAPDH; chymase/GAPDH; TGF-beta1/PDH; collagen (Col) I/GAPDH; collagen III/GAPDH; and fibronectin (Fn)/GAPDH expression in patients with AS and normal or impaired LVEF (>55%, <55%, respectively). The ACE mRNA, hHC, TGF-beta1 and collagen I mRNA expression was significantly altered in both groups, whereas the increase in collagen III and fibronectin mRNA only reached statistical significance in patients with AS and impaired LVEF. The mean values ± SEM are presented, and analysis of variance was performed, with the Bonferroni-corrected (Tamhane-T2 procedure) p values indicated. n.s. = not significant. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.