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Figure 1 Left ventricular end-systolic wall stress-velocity of shortening relationships during acute rheumatic fever. The shaded area demarcated by the solid line indicates the normal range (mean ± 2 standard deviations). The dashed lines indicate extrapolation of the relationship to abnormal levels of end-systolic wall stress. Group I = no or mild aortic or mitral regurgitation; group II = moderate or severe aortic or mitral regurgitation (see text for details). ESSc = circumferential end-systolic wall stress; VCF_C = rate corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening.