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Figure 3 Comparison of TACE (a) and TNF-alpha (b) mRNA expression according to NYHA functional class. TNF-alpha and TACE mRNAs were expressed to a higher level in the myocarditis subgroup in functional class III or IV than in the subgroup in class I or II (TACE/GAPDH ratio 3.58 ± 0.56 vs. 0.93 ± 0.19, p = 0.02; TNF-alpha/GAPDH ratio 5.04 ± 0.59 vs. 1.92 ± 0.44, p = 0.01).